... interview:


  Dendochronology 
and The Messiah Stradivarius 

an Interview with Henri D. Grissino-Mayer

 

At the recently concluded 2001 meeting of the Violin Society of America, Professor Henri D. Grissino-Mayer presented the results of his dendrochronological analysis of the Messiah Strad. For those who could not attend he has kindly given us this summation of his science and his findings. Professor Grissino-Mayer introduces himself:

I'm an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Tennessee. My research interests lie in two general areas, both of which include the use of dendrochronological (tree-ring dating) methods. I am interested in the reconstruction of past climate from tree-ring data, especially in the Southwestern and Southeastern United States. I've led the development of numerous millennial-length tree-ring chronologies throughout Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado that were used to analyze trends in both short-term (decadal) and long-term (century-scale) climate during the past 2000 years. Secondly, I use tree-ring based fire history information from the fire-scar record to evaluate the record of past fires in an area. I spent seven years working under Dr. Thomas W. Swetnam and his colleagues at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (The University of Arizona) analyzing fire history in numerous locations throughout the Southwest. During this time, I developed FHX2, software that allowed the processing of large volumes of tree-ring based fire history data.

I have given over 80 presentations and invited talks at professional regional, national, and international meetings, as well as to numerous civic groups and schools. I have also appeared on television, radio, and documentary videos numerous times. I belong to the following professional organizations: Association of American Geographers, Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, International Association of Wildland Fire, Southwestern Association of Naturalists, The Tree-Ring Society, Georgia Academy of Science, Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. I have refereed numerous articles for such journals as the American Midland Naturalist, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Climatic Change, Ecological Applications, Ecology, The Holocene, International Journal of Wildland Fire, Journal of Vegetation Science, Northwest Science, Palaios, Radiocarbon, Wetlands, The Holocene, Plant Ecology, Quaternary Research, Dendrochronologia, and Tree-Ring Bulletin. I have also refereed proposals for such agencies as the National Geographic Society, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the National Park Service.

I have received the following awards: Alton A. Lindsey Award for Research and Resource Stewardship, Who's Who in the World, Who's Who in the West, USDA Forest Service Certificate of Appreciation, Discover Magazine Top 50 Science Stories, Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, Gamma Theta Upsilon Honor Society.
 

Q: Describe in general terms the process of dating antiquities by dendrochronological means...

A: Any artifact made from a type of wood that originated from the temperate latitudes has the possibility of being dated provided:

(1) it has enough tree rings, 
(2) the species is known to produce annual rings, and
(3) the rings can be clearly seen on the object. 

If these criteria are met, we should be able to obtain enough measurements of the tree-ring widths to be able to date the tree rings on objects manufactured of wood, even those whose date of manufacture is unknown. Why is this? Because tree growth is variable from year to year, i.e. climate is different in subsequent years. This variability in climate (and therefore in tree growth) causes rings to have "patterns" of wide and narrow rings that are unique over time, much like a "fingerprint". If we can obtain a reference chronology from very long-lived, still living trees, then we stand a chance at dating wooden objects by matching the overlapping patterns of wide and narrow rings. It's simply a matter of sliding the graph of the rings from the unknown object against the graph of the rings of a reference chronology. We can even extend our living tree reference chronology using wood from houses, pueblos, cathedrals, and many other types of structures where old wood can be found.

I should point out that dendrochronology is a very visual science. In other words, we can do all we want with the statistics of tree rings, but the truth is in the graphical dating of these patterns. Nothing should be considered dated by dendrochronology unless both the statistics and the graphics indicate without a doubt that the tree rings of the object do indeed date against the reference chronology.                                          cont'd.>

 

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